Distal locking—the insertion of lateral screws to prevent nail rotation has long been recognized as one of the most challenging steps in the procedure. Since the nail deforms by several millimeters to conform to the bone canal shape,
the exact position of the distal locking nail holes' axes cannot be determined in advance.

CAOSim Distal Locking Training system is a real training system for accurate screw hole localization that comprises a surgical simulator and an assessment component. The simulator allows the screws to be performed on a real practice model using two-dimensional radiographic images to guide implant placement.

Proximal femoral fractures are characteristic injuries in senior patients. The fracture fixation is achieved internally by two or three screws, which is usually inserted from the hip end side of the leg into the bone’s medullary cavity. This technique has proven high union rates with a low incidence of infection. The two serious problems are the high radiation exposure to the operating staff and the patient and significant malalignment in the sagittal and frontal plane in the procedure only since 2D fluoroscopy is used for assessment.

CAOSim Hip Screw Fixation Training System is a real training system for proximal femur fracture screw fixation that comprises a surgical simulator and an assessment component. The simulator allows proximal femur fracture fixation to be performed on a real practice model using two-dimensional radiographic images to guide fracture reduction and implant placement.

Hip fracture is a common injury treated by orthopedic surgeons. The most common operative procedure to treat a hip fracture is closed reduction and internal fixation with a sliding hip screw and plate. Hip fracture fixation is often the first procedure in which the orthopedic surgical trainee uses two-dimensional X-ray images to guide the correct three-dimensional placement of implants into bone.

CAOSim Hip Screw Fixation Training System is a real training system for hip screw fixation that comprises a surgical simulator and an assessment component. The simulator allows hip fracture fixation to be performed on a real hip practice model using two-dimensional radiographic images to guide fracture reduction and implant placement.

Percutaneous iliosacral screws are commonly used for the fixation of the posterior pelvis. The complex anatomy and the presence of sacral dysmorphism may make it difficult to place the screws accurately under radiological control. There have been reports of misplaced screws and other complications, occasionally with serious consequences.

CAOSim Iliac-sacral screw fixation Training System is a real training system for Iliac-sacral screw fixation that comprises a surgical simulator and an assessment component. The simulator allows iliac-sacral screw fixation to be performed on a real Iliac-sacral practice model using two-dimensional radiographic images to guide fracture reduction and implant placement.

Reference

1. K.S. Leung, A. Grosse, H.J.T.M. Haarman, H. Seidel, G.J.T.M. Taglang, I. Kempf, Practice of Intramedullary Locked Nails: Advanced Techniques and Special Applications. Springer; May 28, 2002

2. Joskowicz L, Milgrom C. etc Robot-guided long bone intramedullay distal locking: concept and preliminary result.  Toluea. Mexico: International Symposium on Robotics Automation. 2002

3. K.S. Leung, "NAVIGATION SURGICAL TRAINING MODEL, APPATATUS HAVING THE SAME AND METHOD THEREOF"  United States Patent Application, Pub. No.: US 2006/0029917 A1.

5. R. Westphal, Thomas G., Markus O. etc, 3D Robot Assisted Fracture Reduction,  Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics, 2008, Volume 39/2008, 153-163

6. Leung KS,So WS,Shen WY,Hui PW.Gamma nails and Dynamic Hip Screws for peritrochanteric fractures. A randomised prospective study in elderly patients.Journal of Bone Joint Surgery(Br),1992,74:345-351.

7. P. Blyth, N.S. Stott, I.A. Anderson. A simulation-based training system for hip fracture fixation for use  within the hospital environment. Injury, 2007 38, 1197—1203

8. B. H. Ziran, W. R. Smith, J. Towers, S. J. Morgan, Iliosacral screw fixation of the posterior pelvic ring using local anaesthesia and computerised tomography, Journal of Bone Joint Surgery(Br),2003; 85-B:411-8.